TEA POWER
Tea lovers will tell you that a cup of tea makes everything better.
It’s not surprising that science studies the benefits tea lovers have known for thousands of years throughout cultures worldwide.
Drinking tea is now proven to help prevent diseases and maintain immune, cardiovascular, brain, and metabolic health.
Researchers have also found that drinking 2-3 cups of tea a day can make a world of difference to our longevity.
Whether you need a pick-me-up or you’re solving problems, you’re recovering your health, or entertaining family and friends – tea simply makes life better.
The joy of discovering and sharing different tea blends is like a gift that keeps on giving.
Here are a few of our favourite tea ingredients and why we love them.
We hope you enjoy discovering the power of tea too.
GREEN TEA
Action: anti-inflammatory • immunomodulatory • antiarthritic • antibacterial • antiangiogenic • anticarcinogenic • antioxidative • antiviral • antifungal • neuroprotective • and cholesterol-lowering effects.
Traditional Use: inflammation • kidney repair • liver repair • fat oxidation • heart health • cholesterol • diabetes • diarrhoea • candida • cancer prevention • increased bone density • skin health • degenerative diseases • increased glucose metabolism • insulin resistance • weight management • anxiety • brain function • cognition • memory • mental clarity.
PU-ERH (fermented tea leaves)
Action: anti-inflammatory • antioxidant • anti-diabetic • anti-ageing • antibacterial • cardioprotective • and neuroprotective properties.
Traditional Use: gut health • fat metabolism • bone density • stress (brain GABA) • memory • heart health • hormonal acne • skin health • weight loss • obesity • insulin resistance • metabolic syndrome.
LEMON BALM
Action: anti-inflammatory • antioxidant • anti-ulcer • gastroprotective • anxiolytic • sedative • tranquilizing • anti-gas • fever-reducing • spasmolytic • hypotensive • cardioprotective • memory-enhancing • antiviral • antibacterial • antifungal • and antiparasitic.
Traditional Uses: indigestion • colic • nausea • flatulence • headaches • asthma • bronchitis • amenorrhea • cardiac failure • arrhythmias • hyperthyroid symptoms • ulcers • wounds • anaemia • vertigo • fainting • malaise • insomnia • nervousness • depression • stress • anxiety • neurodegenerative disorders.
DANDELION LEAF
Action: antiviral • antibacterial • antioxidant • hypolipidemic • anti-diabetic • diuretic • anti-inflammatory • anti-carcinogenic • immunoprotective • hepatoprotective • cardioprotective • anti-hyperglycemic • and prebiotic effects.
Traditional Uses: immune support • inflammation • lung congestion • inhibits virus infection • relaxes airways • fights influenza • bronchitis • upper respiratory tract infections • metabolic syndrome • insulin resistance • obesity • diabetes • gastrointestinal disorders • heart health.
RED CLOVER
Action: anti-inflammatory • antioxidant • estrogenic • antimicrobial • hypolipidemic • hypoglycemic • diuretic • antiatherosclerotic • nervine • and sedative effects.
Traditional Uses: immune support • hypertension • hormone imbalance • adrenal fatigue • hot flashes • night sweats • bone density • cardiovascular health • cholesterol • anxiety • depression • menopause symptoms • hair and skin health • vaginal dryness.
SPEARMINT
Action: anti-obesity • antimicrobial • anti-inflammatory • anti-diabetic • anxiolytic • antiandrogen • and cardioprotective properties.
Traditional Uses: hormone balance • cooling effect • cystic or hormonal acne • polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) • mild hirsutism • hormonal weight gain • menopause belly • digestive health • memory • stress • anxiety • insomnia • heart health.
LICORICE ROOT
Action: antioxidant • antibacterial • anti-inflammatory • immunodeficiency • hepatoprotective • ulcer-protecting • anti-atherogenic • expectorant • anti-diabetic • anti-microbial • antispasmodic • anti-asthmatic • and anticancer properties.
Traditional Uses: immune regulation • gastroenteric protection • prevents liver damage • gastroesophageal reflux • reducing toxicity and allergic responses • spleen and stomach problems • vomiting • diarrhoea • cold hands and feet • throat infections • bronchial catarrh and coughs • tuberculosis • respiratory • cardiovascular and liver diseases • supports a normal and healthy gastrointestinal tract • dementia • cognitive impairment • Alzheimer’s disease.
PASSION FLOWER (passiflora incarnata)
Action: antioxidant • anxiolytic • sedative • anti-inflammatory • analgesic • anti-spasmodic • anti-depressant • nervine • and relaxant properties.
Traditional Uses: anxiety • stress • depression • nervousness • insomnia • sleep initiation • neuropathic pain • nicotine addiction • opiate withdrawal • neuropsychiatric disorders • neuralgia.
MAKE TEA YOUR WAY
No matter what tea you drink, we always recommend organic tea ingredients because they are free from pesticides and chemicals that harm health.
There are so many ways to enjoy tea.
You can buy single ingredients or blends, tea bags, or loose-leaf tea.
You can drink tea iced or hot.
You can make a batch of tea, let it cool, and pour it into your water bottle to sip throughout the day. Just make sure you finish it all in one day.
You can also have fun experimenting and combining your favourite ingredients to create a cuppa you love.
Then invite everyone over and have a tea party. They’re fun too.
BREWING TEA
When you brew specialty tea blends, the steep time is usually five or more minutes, and they are prepared using boiling water.
Just follow the directions so you don’t destroy beneficial properties if your ingredients are sensitive to boiling water.
Usually, you add 1 teaspoon of tea per cup (250ml) of boiling water and steep for 5 minutes.
A quick, easy way to brew a single cup of tea is to use a small-size French Press – also called a coffee plunger or cafetière.
You can buy 350ml borosilicate glass plungers from kitchen shops and department stores.
Once you steep the herbs, press them, and pour.
Herbal teas usually don’t become bitter if you extend the steep time or use the herbs twice.
When you’ve poured your tea, add a small amount of boiling water to the pressed herbs so they continue to release their properties, ready for your next cup of tea.
DRINKING TEA
If you like sweetened beverages, use raw honey or monk fruit extract for sweetening.
Raw honey has exceptional antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Monk fruit has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCM) to treat sore throats and lung congestion. It is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Click on our Monk Fruit blog here to learn more about this amazing plant medicine.
You can also try our Recovery Recipes for coughs, colds, and flu.
If you get a virus infection, you can add fresh raw ginger or a dash of cinnamon to your teas to give you an added boost of goodness.
Ginger is anti-inflammatory and is used to relieve coughs, colds, sore throats, and nausea.
Ceylon cinnamon’s antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties can also help relieve cough, cold and flu symptoms, and soothe a sore throat.
A dash of cloves in your tea offers anti-inflammatory compounds to soothe a sore throat and coughing or ease cold and sinusitis symptoms.
Experiment and make teas that suit your needs.
TEA STORAGE
Tea is sensitive.
The best way to preserve the qualities of tea is to store loose-leaf tea and teabags away from light, moisture, heat, air, and strong-smelling spices that might alter the taste of your tea.
Keep your teas in airtight containers, in a cool, dark cupboard or drawer.
BUYING TEA
When you are shopping for tea, check that the ingredients are pure and natural – and preferably organic.
Make sure you are buying ‘real’ tea blends – and not flavoured or coloured infusions.
Shop NowTea Cheers To All Of Us!
Lisa Rieniets ND
REFERENCES
We have included live links in our references so you can explore the power of tea and the benefits they offer with every cup.
Tea Studies
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Inoue-Choi M, Ramirez Y, Cornelis MC, Berrington de González A, Freedman ND, Loftfield E. Tea Consumption and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the UK Biobank : A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Sep;175(9):1201-1211. doi: 10.7326/M22-0041. Epub 2022 Aug 30. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2023 Jun;176(6):882. PMID: 36037472.
Unachukwu UJ, Ahmed S, Kavalier A, Lyles JT, Kennelly EJ. White and green teas (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis): variation in phenolic, methylxanthine, and antioxidant profiles. J Food Sci. 2010 Aug 1;75(6):C541-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01705.x. PMID: 20722909.
Green Tea
Chacko SM, Thambi PT, Kuttan R, Nishigaki I. Beneficial effects of green tea: a literature review. Chin Med. 2010 Apr 6;5:13. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-13. PMID: 20370896; PMCID: PMC2855614.
Chen L., Yu J. Modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling in innate immunity by natural products. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2016;37:65–70. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.005.
Klaus S, Pultz S, Thone-Reineke C, Wolfram S. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice by decreasing energy absorption and increasing fat oxidation. Int J Obes. 2005;29(6):615–623. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802926.
Mogensen T.H. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2009;22:240–273. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00046-08.
Sun, J., Dong, S., Li, J. and Zhao, H., 2022. A comprehensive review on the effects of green tea and its components on the immune function. Food Science and Human Wellness, 11(5), pp.1143-1155.
Tsuneki H, Ishizuka M, Terasawa M, Wu JB, Sasaoka T, Kimura I. Effect of green tea on blood glucose levels and serum proteomic patterns in diabetic (db/db) mice and on glucose metabolism in healthy humans. BMC Pharmacol. 2004;4:18–21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-4-18.
Vanessa C, Gary W. A Review of the Health Effects of Green Tea Catechins in In Vivo Animal Models. J Nutr. 2004;134:3431S–3440S.
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Wu LY, Juan CC, Hwang LS, Hsu YP, Ho PH, Ho LT. Green tea supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance and increases glucose transporter IV content in a fructose-fed rat model. Eur J Nutr. 2004;43:116–124. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0450-x.
Pu-erh
Gao X, Xie Q, Kong P, Liu L, Sun S, Xiong B, Huang B, Yan L, Sheng J, Xiang H. Polyphenol- and Caffeine-Rich Postfermented Pu-erh Tea Improves Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome by Remodeling Intestinal Homeostasis in Mice. Infect Immun. 2017 Dec 19;86(1):e00601-17. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00601-17. PMID: 29061705; PMCID: PMC5736808.
Higdon, Jane & Frei, Balz. (2003). Tea Catechins and Polyphenols: Health Effects, Metabolism, and Antioxidant Functions. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 43:1, 89-143, DOI: 10.1080/10408690390826464
Jensen GS, Beaman JL, He Y, Guo Z, Sun H. Reduction of body fat and improved lipid profile associated with daily consumption of a Puer tea extract in a hyperlipidemic population: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Mar 24;11:367-76. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S94881. PMID: 27069360; PMCID: PMC4818050.
Li C, Chai S, Ju Y, Hou L, Zhao H, Ma W, Li T, Sheng J, Shi W. Pu-erh Tea Protects the Nervous System by Inhibiting the Expression of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Sep;54(7):5286-5299. doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-0064-3. Epub 2016 Aug 30. PMID: 27578019; PMCID: PMC5533841.
Liu T, Ding S, Yin D, Cuan X, Xie C, Xu H, Wang X, Sheng J. Pu-erh Tea Extract Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats and Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro. Front Pharmacol. 2017 May 31;8:324. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00324. PMID: 28620304; PMCID: PMC5450042.
Roda G, Marinello C, Grassi A, Picozzi C, Aldini G, Carini M, Regazzoni L. Ripe and Raw Pu-Erh Tea: LC-MS Profiling, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Aqueous and Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts. Molecules. 2019 Jan 29;24(3):473. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030473. PMID: 30699941; PMCID: PMC6384787.
Vuong QV. Epidemiological evidence linking tea consumption to human health: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(4):523-536.
Wu E, Zhang T, Tan C, Peng C, Chisti Y, Wang Q, Gong J. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea together with swinging exercise synergistically ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Aug;59(5):1937-1950. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02044-y. Epub 2019 Jul 4. PMID: 31273522.
Yan Hou, Wanfang Shao, Rong Xiao, Kunlong Xu, Zhizhong Ma, Brian H. Johnstone, Yansheng Du, Pu-erh tea aqueous extracts lower atherosclerotic risk factors in a rat hyperlipidemia model, Experimental Gerontology, Volume 44, Issues 6–7, 2009, Pages 434-439, ISSN 0531-5565.
Lemon Balm
Auf’mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Kubota K, Amir SM, Ingbar SH. Extracts and auto-oxidized constituents of certain plants inhibit the receptor-binding and the biological activity of Graves’ immunoglobulins. Endocrinology. 1985 May;116(5):1687-93. doi: 10.1210/endo-116-5-1687. PMID: 2985357.
Aubert P, Guinobert I, Blondeau C, Bardot V, Ripoche I, Chalard P, Neunlist M. Basal and Spasmolytic Effects of a Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Melissa officinalis L. on Intestinal Motility: An Ex Vivo Study. J Med Food. 2019 Jul;22(7):653-662. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0154. Epub 2019 Apr 16. PMID: 30990736; PMCID: PMC6653806.
Behzadi A, Imani S, Deravi N, Mohammad Taheri Z, Mohammadian F, Moraveji Z, Shavysi S, Mostafaloo M, Soleimani Hadidi F, Nanbakhsh S, Olangian-Tehrani S, Marabi MH, Behshood P, Poudineh M, Kheirandish A, Keylani K, Behfarnia P. Antiviral Potential of Melissa officinalis L.: A Literature Review. Nutr Metab Insights. 2023 Jan 12;16:11786388221146683. doi: 10.1177/11786388221146683. PMID: 36655201; PMCID: PMC9841880.
Bounihi A, Hajjaj G, Alnamer R, Cherrah Y, Zellou A. In Vivo Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013;2013:101759. doi: 10.1155/2013/101759. Epub 2013 Dec 5. PMID: 24381585; PMCID: PMC3870089.
Cases J, Ibarra A, Feuillère N, Roller M, Sukkar SG. Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2011 Dec;4(3):211-218. doi: 10.1007/s12349-010-0045-4. Epub 2010 Dec 17. PMID: 22207903; PMCID: PMC3230760.
Draginic N, Jakovljevic V, Andjic M, Jeremic J, Srejovic I, Rankovic M, Tomovic M, Nikolic Turnic T, Svistunov A, Bolevich S, Milosavljevic I. Melissa officinalis L. as a Nutritional Strategy for Cardioprotection. Front Physiol. 2021 Apr 22;12:661778. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661778. PMID: 33967832; PMCID: PMC8100328.
Haybar H, Javid AZ, Haghighizadeh MH, Valizadeh E, Mohaghegh SM, Mohammadzadeh A. The effects of Melissa officinalis supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorder in patients with chronic stable angina. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Aug;26:47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.04.015. Epub 2018 May 19. PMID: 29908682.
Kennedy DO, Wightman EL. Herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function. Adv Nutr. 2011 Jan;2(1):32-50. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000117. Epub 2011 Jan 10. PMID: 22211188; PMCID: PMC3042794.
Mirabi P, Namdari M, Alamolhoda S, Mojab F. The Effect of Melissa Officinalis Extract on the Severity of Primary Dysmenorrha. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017 Winter;16(Suppl):171-177. PMID: 29844788; PMCID: PMC5963658.
Miraj S, Rafieian-Kopaei, Kiani S. Melissa officinalis L: A Review Study With an Antioxidant Prospective. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jul;22(3):385-394. doi: 10.1177/2156587216663433. Epub 2016 Sep 11. PMID: 27620926; PMCID: PMC5871149.
Saberi A, Abbasloo E, Sepehri G, Yazdanpanah M, Mirkamandari E, Sheibani V, Safi Z. The Effects of Methanolic Extract of Melissa officinalis on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 May 15;18(7):e24271. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.24271. PMID: 27651945; PMCID: PMC5020425.
Dandelion Leaf
Davaatseren M, Hur HJ, Yang HJ, Hwang JT, Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim MJ, Kwon DY, Sung MJ. Taraxacum official (dandelion) leaf extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Aug;58:30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.023. Epub 2013 Apr 18. PMID: 23603008.
Di Napoli, A., Zucchetti, P. A comprehensive review of the benefits of Taraxacum officinale on human health. Bull Natl Res Cent 45, 110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00567-1
Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome. Foods. 2022 Sep 15;11(18):2858. doi: 10.3390/foods11182858. PMID: 36140985; PMCID: PMC9498421.
Li Y, Chen Y, Sun-Waterhouse D. The potential of dandelion in the fight against gastrointestinal diseases: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Jul 15;293:115272. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115272. Epub 2022 Apr 8. PMID: 35405251.
Lis B, Jędrejek D, Stochmal A, Olas B. Assessment of effects of phenolic fractions from leaves and petals of dandelion in selected components of hemostasis. Food Res Int. 2018 May;107:605-612. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 Mar 5. PMID: 29580525.
Olas B. New Perspectives on the Effect of Dandelion, Its Food Products and Other Preparations on the Cardiovascular System and Its Diseases. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 24;14(7):1350. doi: 10.3390/nu14071350. PMID: 35405963; PMCID: PMC9002813.
Schütz K, Carle R, Schieber A. Taraxacum–a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Oct 11;107(3):313-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021. Epub 2006 Jul 22. PMID: 16950583.
Tran HTT, Gigl M, Le NPK, Dawid C, Lamy E. In Vitro Effect of Taraxacum officinale Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Interaction between ACE2 Cell Surface Receptor and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein D614 and Four Mutants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Oct 17;14(10):1055. doi: 10.3390/ph14101055. PMID: 34681279; PMCID: PMC8538008.
Wang HB. Cellulase-assisted extraction and antibacterial activity of polysaccharides from the dandelion Taraxacum officinale. Carbohydr Polym. 2014 Mar 15;103:140-2. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.029. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PMID: 24528711.
Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016 Summer-Fall;13(2-3):113-131. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 28012278; PMCID: PMC5553762.
Xu P, Xu XB, Khan A, Fotina T, Wang SH. Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and content analysis of Taraxacum Officinale phenolic extract. Pol J Vet Sci. 2021 Jun;24(2):243-251. doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.137659. PMID: 34250777.
Zhao P, Liu J, Ming Q, Tian D, He J, Yang Z, Shen J, Liu QH, Yang X. Dandelion extract relaxes mouse airway smooth muscle by blocking VDLCC and NSCC channels. Cell Biosci. 2020 Oct 28;10:125. doi: 10.1186/s13578-020-00470-8. PMID: 33133515; PMCID: PMC7592536.
Red Clover
Chedraui P, San Miguel G, Hidalgo L, Morocho N, Ross S. Effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008 Nov;24(11):620-4. doi: 10.1080/09513590802288283. PMID: 19031218.
Circosta C, De Pasquale R, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Occhiuto F. Effects of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense) on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats. Phytother Res. 2006 Dec;20(12):1096-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2017. PMID: 17078110.
Ehsanpour S, Salehi K, Zolfaghari B, Bakhtiari S. The effects of red clover on quality of life in post-menopausal women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2012 Jan;17(1):34-40. PMID: 23493172; PMCID: PMC3590693.
Ghazanfarpour M, Sadeghi R, Abdolahian S, Latifnejad Roudsari R. The efficacy of Iranian herbal medicines in alleviating hot flashes: A systematic review. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016 Mar;14(3):155-66. PMID: 27294213; PMCID: PMC4899762.
Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, Ross S, San Miguel G. The effect of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2005 Nov;21(5):257-64. doi: 10.1080/09513590500361192. PMID: 16373244.
Kanadys W, Baranska A, Jedrych M, Religioni U, Janiszewska M. Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2020 Feb;132:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.11.001. Epub 2019 Nov 10. PMID: 31883666.
Krenn L, Paper DH. Inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation by an extract of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Phytomedicine. 2009 Dec;16(12):1083-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.017. Epub 2009 Aug 7. PMID: 19665361.
Lee SG, Brownmiller CR, Lee SO, Kang HW. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Anthocyanins of Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW-267.4 Macrophages. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 15;12(4):1089. doi: 10.3390/nu12041089. PMID: 32326385; PMCID: PMC7230587.
Lipovac M, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof M. Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts. Maturitas. 2010 Mar;65(3):258-61. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.10.014. Epub 2009 Nov 30. PMID: 19948385.
Myers SP, Vigar V. Effects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2017 Jan 15;24:141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.003. Epub 2016 Dec 12. PMID: 28160855.
Thorup AC, Lambert MN, Kahr HS, Bjerre M, Jeppesen PB. Intake of Novel Red Clover Supplementation for 12 Weeks Improves Bone Status in Healthy Menopausal Women. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:689138. doi: 10.1155/2015/689138. Epub 2015 Jul 21. PMID: 26265926; PMCID: PMC4523657.
Toh MF, Burdette JE. Identifying botanical mechanisms of action. Fitoterapia. 2011 Jan;82(1):67-70. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.003. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PMID: 20837111; PMCID: PMC3026059.
Spearmint
Akdoğan M, Tamer MN, Cüre E, Cüre MC, Köroğlu BK, Delibaş N. Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism. Phytother Res. 2007 May;21(5):444-7. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2074. PMID: 17310494.
Caro DC, Rivera DE, Ocampo Y, Franco LA, Salas RD. Pharmacological Evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Plantago majorL., Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Anxiety and Insomnia in Colombian Caribbean Coast. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Aug 7;2018:5921514. doi: 10.1155/2018/5921514. PMID: 30158996; PMCID: PMC6106973.
Grant P. Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2010 Feb;24(2):186-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2900. PMID: 19585478.
Grant P, Ramasamy S. An update on plant derived anti-androgens. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Spring;10(2):497-502. doi: 10.5812/ijem.3644. Epub 2012 Apr 20. PMID: 23843810; PMCID: PMC3693613.
Herrlinger KA, Nieman KM, Sanoshy KD, Fonseca BA, Lasrado JA, Schild AL, Maki KC, Wesnes KA, Ceddia MA. Spearmint Extract Improves Working Memory in Men and Women with Age-Associated Memory Impairment. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Jan;24(1):37-47. doi: 10.1089/acm.2016.0379. Epub 2018 Jan 9. PMID: 29314866; PMCID: PMC5779242.
Saqib S, Ullah F, Naeem M, Younas M, Ayaz A, Ali S, Zaman W. Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules. 2022 Oct 9;27(19):6728. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196728. PMID: 36235263; PMCID: PMC9572119.
Tafrihi M, Imran M, Tufail T, Gondal TA, Caruso G, Sharma S, Sharma R, Atanassova M, Atanassov L, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Pezzani R. The Wonderful Activities of the Genus Mentha: Not Only Antioxidant Properties. Molecules. 2021 Feb 20;26(4):1118. doi: 10.3390/molecules26041118. PMID: 33672486; PMCID: PMC7923432.
Licorice Root
Ahmad R, Alqathama A, Aldholmi M, Riaz M, Mukhtar MH, Aljishi F, Althomali E, Alamer MA, Alsulaiman M, Ayashy A, Alshowaiki M. Biological Screening of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Different Origins for Antidiabetic and Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 21;16(1):7. doi: 10.3390/ph16010007. PMID: 36678504; PMCID: PMC9860537.
Fiore C, Eisenhut M, Krausse R, Ragazzi E, Pellati D, Armanini D, Bielenberg J. Antiviral effects of Glycyrrhiza species. Phytother Res. 2008 Feb;22(2):141-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2295. PMID: 17886224; PMCID: PMC7167979.
Gaur R, Yadav KS, Verma RK, Yadav NP, Bhakuni RS. In vivo anti-diabetic activity of derivatives of isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin. Phytomedicine. 2014 Mar 15;21(4):415-22. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 19. PMID: 24262065.
Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA. The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions. Phytomed Plus. 2021 Aug;1(3):100043. doi: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 35399823; PMCID: PMC7886629.
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Leite CDS, Bonafé GA, Carvalho Santos J, Martinez CAR, Ortega MM, Ribeiro ML. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)-Derived Compounds in Intestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 8;23(8):4121. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084121. PMID: 35456938; PMCID: PMC9025446.
Li X., Sun R., Liu R. Natural products in licorice for the therapy of liver diseases: Progress and future opportunities. Pharmacol. Res. 2019;144:210–226. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.025.
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Passion Flower
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Aman U, Subhan F, Shahid M, Akbar S, Ahmad N, Ali G, Fawad K, Sewell RD. Passiflora incarnata attenuation of neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia apropos GABA-ergic and opioidergic antinociceptive and behavioural mechanisms. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Feb 24;16:77. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1048-6. PMID: 26912265; PMCID: PMC4765057.
da Fonseca LR, Rodrigues RA, Ramos AS, da Cruz JD, Ferreira JLP, Silva JRA, Amaral ACF. Herbal Medicinal Products from Passiflora for Anxiety: An Unexploited Potential. ScientificWorldJournal. 2020 Jul 20;2020:6598434. doi: 10.1155/2020/6598434. PMID: 32765195; PMCID: PMC7387951.
Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Nicotine reversal effects of the benzoflavone moiety from Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice. Addict Biol. 2002 Oct;7(4):435-41. doi: 10.1080/1355621021000006044. PMID: 14578021.
Guerrero FA, Medina GM. Effect of a medicinal plant (Passiflora incarnata L) on sleep. Sleep Sci. 2017 Jul-Sep;10(3):96-100. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20170018. PMID: 29410738; PMCID: PMC5699852.
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Kim M, Lim HS, Lee HH, Kim TH. Role Identification of Passiflora Incarnata Linnaeus: A Mini Review. J Menopausal Med. 2017 Dec;23(3):156-159. doi: 10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.156. Epub 2017 Dec 29. PMID: 29354614; PMCID: PMC5770524.
Michael HSR, Mohammed NB, Ponnusamy S, Edward Gnanaraj W. A Folk Medicine: Passiflora incarnata L. Phytochemical Profile with Antioxidant Potency. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022 Jun 27;19(3):287-292. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.88886. PMID: 35775275; PMCID: PMC9254093.
Movafegh A, Alizadeh R, Hajimohamadi F, Esfehani F, Nejatfar M. Preoperative oral Passiflora incarnata reduces anxiety in ambulatory surgery patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1728-32. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172c3f9. PMID: 18499602.
Sarris J. Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: 10-year updated review. Phytother Res. 2018 Jul;32(7):1147-1162. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6055. Epub 2018 Mar 25. PMID: 29575228.
Toda K, Hitoe S, Takeda S, Shimizu N, Shimoda H. Passionflower Extract Induces High-amplitude Rhythms without Phase Shifts in the Expression of Several Circadian Clock Genes in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Biomed Sci. 2017 Jun;13(2):84-92. PMID: 28824345; PMCID: PMC5542920.
